Mankenlik

Manken veya model, sanat, moda veya reklam için poz veren veya kendini sergileyen bir kişidir.

Moda Mankenlerinin Tarihi

Ä°lk gerçek moda mankeni, genellikle Marie Vernet Worth adlı, dükkânda çalışan, Parisli bir kadın olduÄŸunu inanılıyor. 1853′te, Charles Frederick Worth adlı modacı kocasını yardım etmek için, ilk profesyonel mankeni oldu

Manken

Manken veya model, sanat, moda veya reklam için poz yapan veya kendini sergileyen bir kişidir. Modelcilik, oyunculuk, dans etmek veya mim sanatçılık gibi kamu performanslardan değişiktir, halbuki kapsamının sınırları pek tanımlanmadı. Rolün türünü ne olursa olsun, bir film veya oyunda olmak genellikle modelcilik olarak sayılmıyor. Mamafîh, mankenler genellikle fotoğraflarında duygu göstermelidir, ve birçok manken kendini aktör olarak tanımlanıyor. Manken türleri, moda, <>, fitness, bikini, güzel sanat ve vücut kısmı türlerini kapsıyor. Her manken güzel değil; karakter mankenler normal veya komik tipli insanları resmediyorlar (çoğunlukla reklamlarda).

Moda

Moda mankenleri çoğunlukla giysilerinin tanıtımını yapmak için kullanılıyorlar. Moda modelcilik genellikle iki ayrı kategoriye (fotoğrafik ve podyum), ve aşağıdaki altkategorilere bölündürülebilir:
Ä°skele veya podyum modelciliÄŸi

• Yazınsal (yani dergiler, gazeteler, v.d. için) modelciliÄŸi
• Moda katalog modelciliÄŸi
• Reklam kampanyaları
• Basım modelciliÄŸi
• Sergi salonu modelciliÄŸi
• İç çamaşır modelciliÄŸi
• Mayo modelciliÄŸi
• Fitness modelciliÄŸi
• Plus size (daha kilolu mankenlere ait) modelciliÄŸi.

Süper modeller, çok para kazanan ve dünyanın en iyi moda mankenleridir. Bu (çoÄŸunlukla diÅŸi olan) ünlüler en çok saygı deÄŸeri olan moda dergilerinde, kataloglarında ve moda defilelerinde çıkarlar. “Süper model” tanımını yaratan kiÅŸi, Lisa Fonssagrives idi[1]. Hem 200 tane Vogue dergi yayınlarının baÅŸ sayfalarında poz vermesi hem de adı küresel tanımaya sahip olması, Vogue’un gelecekteki süper modellerini ünlü yapılmasının öneminine yol açtı. Fonssagrives, kariyerinin en yüksek noktasında hem sosyete hem de antika bir kiÅŸi olabilirdi, ve böylece herhangi bir Amerikan kadın onunla anlaÅŸabilirdi. O, 1930-lu, 1940-lü ve 1950-li yıllarındaki her moda dergisinin baÅŸ sayfasında poz verdi, Town & Country`den Vanity Fair`e.

Diğer dünyaca ünlü süper modeller Twiggy, Gia Carangi, Lisa Snowdon, Tyra Banks, Naomi Campbell, Cindy Crawford, Elle Macpherson, Elizabeth Hurley, Claudia Schiffer, Kate Moss, Gisele Bündchen, Karolína Kurková, Gemma Ward, Milla Yovoviç ve Adriana Lima gibi ünlü isimlerdir. Ünlü erkek modeller de var, örneğin Tyson Beckford, Marcus Schenkenberg, Scott McGregor ve Evandro Soldati.

Fitness mankenleri

Fitness modelciliğinin vuruşu atletik ve sağlıklı bir vücut formundadır. Fitness mankenleri vücut geliştirmecilere benziyorlar, ama kaslardaki vuruşu daha azdır. Fitness mankenlerinin vücut ağırlıkları, genellikle moda mankenlerinin ağırlıklarına benziyor (veya ağırlıklarından biraz daha ağır), ama daha az vücut yağı yüzde oranına sahip olmaktadır çünkü ağırlıklarının sebebi kaslarıdır.

Model

A model is a person who is posed or displayed for the purpose of art, fashion, or other products and advertising. Modeling is distinguished from other types of public performance, such as an acting, dancing or mime artistry, although the boundary is not well defined. Appearing in a movie or a play is generally not considered to be modeling, regardless of the nature of the role. However, models generally have to express emotion in their photographs, and many models have also described themselves as actors. Types of models include glamour, fashion, fitness, bikini, fine-art, and body-part models. Not all models are beautiful: character models portray ordinary people and humorous types, mostly in print work and in commercials.

Fashion

Fashion models are used mainly to promote apparel. Fashion Modeling generally can be divided into two categories (editorial and runway), and into the following sub-categories:

• Ad campaigns
• Fashion catalogue modeling
• Fashion catwalk or runway modeling
• Fashion editorial (magazine spreads etc.) modeling
• Fashion print modeling
• Fashion lingerie modeling
• Fashion showroom modeling
• Fashion swimsuit modeling
• Fashion fit modeling
• Fashion fitness modeling
• Petite modeling
• Plus-size modeling

The first fashion model was believed to be Parisian shopgirl, Marie Vernet Worth. She became the first professional mannequin in 1853, to help her fashion designer husband, Charles Frederick Worth.

Body Type

The Association of Model Agents (AMA) says that female models should be around 34-24-34 in (86-60-86 cm) and at least 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) tall. Currently, the height required to do fashion shows has increased. During the last fashion shows in Europe, the average height was 1.79 m (5 ft 10 in), the average weight was 50 kg (110 lb), with bust between 85 to 90 cm (33 to 35 in), waist under 62 cm (24 in), and hips under 90 cm (35 in), to fit the 34/36 size of haute couture prototypes. Average dimensions for a male model are a height of 1.80 to 1.88 (5 ft 11 in to 6 ft 2 in) a weight of 64–75 kg (140–170 lb) and a chest measurement of 37–42 in (93.98–106.68 cm). The ideal measurements used to be 90-60-90 cm (35-24-35 in) which allegedly referred to the measurements of Marilyn Monroe. However, today’s fashion models tend to have the measurements of the AMA which could be down to the coherence of the numbers 34-24-34 in (86-61-86 cm).

The unusually thin shape of fashion models has been criticized for allegedly warping girls’ body image and encouraging eating disorders. Organizers of a fashion show in Madrid in September 2006 turned away models who were judged to be underweight by medical personnel who were on hand. In February 2007, six months after her sister, Luisel Ramos - also a model - died, Uruguayan model Eliana Ramos became the third international model to die of malnutrition in six months. The second victim was Ana Carolina Reston. Luisel Ramos died of heart failure caused by anorexia nervosa just after stepping off the catwalk.

Glamour Models

Glamour photography emphasizes the model rather than products, fashion or environment. Typically the sexuality of the model is emphasized in glamour photography, while in fashion photography the emphasis is on the clothes. Early glamour modeling is often associated with “French postcards”, small postcard sized images that were sold by street vendors in France. In the early 1900s the pinup became popular. Pinups depicted scantily dressed women often in a playful pose seemingly surprised or startled by the viewer. The model would usually have an expression of delight which seemed to invite the viewer to come and play. Betty Grable was one of the most famous pinup models of all time; her pinup in a bathing suit was extremely popular amongst World War II soldiers. In December of 1953 Marilyn Monroe was featured in the first issue of Playboy magazine. Playboy became the first magazine featuring nude glamour photography targeted to the mainstream consumer. Glamour models popular in the early 90s included Hope Talmons and Dita Von Teese and the modern era is represented by models like Heidi Van Horne and Bernie Dexter.

Supermodels

Supermodels are highly paid, top fashion models. These (usually female) celebrities, also known as cover girls, appear on top fashion magazine covers, in catalogues and in fashion shows. The first model to pave the way for what would become the supermodel was Lisa Fonssagrives. The relationship between her image on over 200 Vogue covers and her name recognition led to the importance of Vogue in shaping future supermodels. Her image appeared on the cover of every fashion magazine during the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s from Town & Country, Life and Vogue to the original Vanity Fair. Model Janice Dickinson has asserted that she was the person for whom the term was coined, as she popped the term herself while talking to her agent at the climax of her career by saying, “I’m not superman, I’m a supermodel”.

Fitness Models

Fitness modeling centers on displaying an athletic and healthy physique. Fitness models resemble bodybuilders, but with less emphasis on muscle size. Their body weight is usually similar to (or slightly heavier than) fashion models, but they have a lower body fat percentage due to increased muscle mass relative to fat mass. They are usually muscular. The most recognized, by name, fitness models are Sebastian Siegel and Michael O’Hearn.

Bikini Models

Bikini models are similar to fitness models with emphasis on a fit physique and the beauty of the female curves. Bikini models are usually curvaceous and fit.
For women, usually the models can be shorter, around 5 ft 5 in-5 ft 8 in (1.65 m-1.73 m) and need to be in the range of 90–110 lb (41–50 kg).

Fine Art Models

Photographers, painters, sculptors, and other artists hire models to pose for their art.

Alternative models

An alternative model is any model that does not fit into the normal category. Punk, Goth, Fetish, Tattooed, or having a uniqueness outside other model types. These mix with high fashion and art models. Thanks to publishers such as Goliath in Germany, alternative models and punk photography became known by a larger audience.

Kaynak: Vikipedia